Hubungan antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi anti-retroviral orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract

Background: Compliance with taking anti-retrovirals is very necessary for people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. because it can reduce the risk of transmission, improve the quality of life of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reduce the amount of virus in the blood (viral load) until it is undetectable , and inhibit opportunistic infections. To achieve successful adherence to antiretroviral therapy, people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome need to be aware of their current situation and understand what should be done at this time. Mindfulness refers to being aware of current circumstances, and paying attention without judgment.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between mindfulness and compliance with antiretroviral therapy in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Method: Quantitative research type with a descriptive correlation design (non-experimental) and research design using a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in October-December 2023 at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Polyclinic, Manahan Health Center, Surakarta. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling and a sample size of 70 people was obtained. The independent variables are mindfulness, while the dependent variable is compliance with antiretroviral therapy for people with human immunodeficiency virus.

Results: Based on the Spearman test output above, it is known that the significance or sig (2-tailed) value between the mindfulness variable and antiretroviral therapy adherence is (p= 0.000) < 0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship between mindfulness and antiretroviral therapy adherence. The correlation coefficient value is 0.866, so it can be concluded that the relationship between the mindfulness variable and compliance with antiretroviral therapy is very strong. It is known that the value (correlation coefficient) is positive, namely +0.866, it is concluded that the direction of the relationship is positive between mindfulness and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. A positive or unidirectional relationship means that if mindfulness increases, adherence to antiretroviral therapy will increase.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between mindfulness and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy in people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Suggestion: Further research needs to be carried out on the relationship between mindfulness and antiretroviral therapy compliance by adding other dependent variables such as socioeconomic status, health care system and team, and patient therapy regimen or patient clinical condition that influence antiretroviral therapy adherence.

Keywords: Adherence; Antiretroviral Therapy; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Mindfulness.

Pendahuluan: Kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi antiretroviral sangat diperlukan oleh orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus atau acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (ODHA) karena dapat menurunkan risiko penularan, meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), menurunkan jumlah virus dalam darah (viral load) hingga tidak terdeteksi, dan menghambat infeksi oportunistik. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan dari kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral ODHA perlu menyadari keadaanya saat ini serta memahami apa yang seharusnya dilakukan pada saat ini. Mindfulness mengacu pada menyadari keadaan yang sedang terjadi, dan memberi perhatian tanpa penilaian.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral orang dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus atau Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (ODHA).

Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelasi (non-eksperimental) dan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2023 di Poliklinik Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Puskesmas Manahan Surakarta. Teknik sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 orang. Variabel independen adalah mindfulness, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus.

Hasil: Berdasarkan output uji Spearman, diketahui nilai signifikansi atau sig (2-tailed) antara variabel mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral sebesar (p= 0.000) <0.05, artinya bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral. Nilai koefisien korelasi (Correlation coefficient) sebesar 0.866, hubungan antara variabel mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral adalah sangat kuat. Diketahui nilai (correlation coefficient) bernilai positif yakni sebesar +0.866, disimpulkan bahwa arah hubungan yang positif antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral. Hubungan positif atau searah artinya jika mindfulness meningkat maka kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral akan semakin meningkat.

Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi anti-retroviral pada orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus atau acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (ODHA).

Saran: Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang hubungan antara mindfulness dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral dengan menambah variabel dependen lain seperti status sosial ekonomi, sistem dan tim pelayanan kesehatan, dan regimen terapi pasien atau kondisi klinis pasien yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral.

Kata Kunci: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Kepatuhan; Mindfulness; Terapi Antiretroviral.