Reducing E. coli and Coliform in clean water using chlorine diffuser combined with white sand

Erca Amelia Maharani; Rezania Asyfiradayati

doi:10.33024/minh.v7i8.353

Authors

Erca Amelia Maharani Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Rezania Asyfiradayati Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33024/minh.v7i8.353

Keywords:

Chlorine Diffuser, Coliform, E. Coli, Water

Abstract

Background: Water intended for hygiene, sanitation, and drinking must be free of physical, chemical, and microbiological pollutants. The most frequent microbiological contaminants in water are E. coli and Coliform bacteria. Chlorination, which uses chlorine compounds, is a widely used technique to eliminate germs from water. This process is regarded as effective and safe for sanitation, disinfection, and consumption.

Purpose: To analyze differences in the reduction of E. coli and Coliform bacteria in water using the chlorine diffuser method combined with white sand.

Method: A quasi-experimental method and a pretest posttest design, carried out at a boarding house x in Gonilan Kartasura village. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling. The sample criteria are water at the research location, namely Gonilan village which classified as densely populated. Research data was collected using observation techniques using observation sheets with three folds and three divisions of time span, namely 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. The data collected was then analyzed using the anova method to determine the average differences in group samples.

Results: The application of a chlorine diffuser combined with white sand can reduce levels of E. coli bacteria. In the Anova test, the p-value scores were obtained at 0.045 and 0.031, thus the alternative hypothesis was accepted, namely that there was a decrease in E. coli and Coliform bacteria using the chlorine diffuser method combined with white sand. The research results in the 60th minute of the experiment went from 1 to 0. Meanwhile, there was no significant decrease in Coliform bacteria. Initially the Coliform level was 68.3, then after 60 minutes of experimentation it only decreased to 63.6.

Conclusion: Based on the research carried out, it was concluded that there was a significant reduction in the levels of E. coli and Coliform bacteria using the chlorine diffuser combined with white sand with a higher dose of chlorine used.

References

Afifah, F. (2019). Uji bakteriologis coliform dan escherichia coli pada air tanah bebas.

Bambang, A. G. (2014). Analisis cemaran bakteri coliform dan identifikasi Escherichia coli pada air isi ulang dari depot di Kota Manado. Pharmacon, 3(3).

Busyairi, M., Dewi, Y. P., & Widodo, D. I. (2016). Efektivitas Kaporit Pada Proses Klorinasi Terhadap Penurunan Bakteri Coliform dari Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit X Samarinda (The Effectiveness of Calcium Hypochlorite to Chlorination Process in Decreasing the Amount of Coliform Bacteria in the Wastewater of X). Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 23(2), 156-162.

Central Bureau of Statistics of Central Java. (2024). Provinsi Jawa Tengah Dalam Angka 2024. BPS Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Retrieved from: https://jateng.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/980d120f5be18d6400c48b16/provinsi-jawa-tengah-dalam-angka-2024.html

Chiemchaisri, C., Chiemchaisri, W., Dachsrijan, S., & Saengam, C. (2022). Coliform Removal in Membrane Bioreactor and Disinfection during Hospital Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Engineering & Technological Sciences, 54(4).

Dewa, E., & Pasaribu, R. (2020). Analisis kandungan silikon dioksida (SiO2) pasir pantai Koka Kabupaten Sikka dengan metode ekstraksi. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika PPs UNM (Vol. 2, pp. 76-79). Retrieved from: https://ojs.unm.ac.id/semnasfisika/article/view/12857

Hanum, K. (2021). The Evaluation of WWTP with Activated Sludge Technology Combined with Microorganism Biofilters in IMERI Building. Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE), 3(01), 29-43.

Hastjarjo, T. D. (2019). Rancangan eksperimen-kuasi. Buletin psikologi, 27(2), 187-203.

Hutasoit, N., Topa, S. H., Javed, M. A., Rahman Rashid, R. A., Palombo, E., & Palanisamy, S. (2021). Antibacterial efficacy of cold-sprayed copper coatings against gram-positive staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative escherichia coli. Materials, 14(22), 6744.

Jesika, P., & Hilal, N. (2017). Hubungan Jenis Sumber Air dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Dermatitis di desa Kedungrandu Kecamatan Patikraja Kabupaten Banyumas Tahun 2016. Buletin Keslingmas, 36(4), 494-500.

Karbeka, M., Manimoy, H., & Abolasinga, B. A. (2021). Identifikasi Mineral Pasir Tiga Warna Pantai Puntaru Kabupaten Alor-NTT. Fullerene Journal of Chemistry, 6(1), 34-38.

King, C. H., Shotts Jr, E. B., Wooley, R. E., & Porter, K. G. (1988). Survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. Applied and environmental microbiology, 54(12), 3023-3033.

Kumalasari, E., Rhodiana, R., & Prihandiwati, E. (2018). Analisis kuantitatif bakteri coliform pada depot air minum isi ulang yang berada di wilayah Kayutangi Kota Banjarmasin. Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina, 3(1), 134-144.

Kuswanto, S., Yuniarno, S., & Hastawati, I. (2021). Making Chlorine Diffuser In Reducing Coliform Numbers In The Wells. Kesmas Indonesia, 13(2), 168-181.

Leona, F.D. (2023). Analysis of the Correlation between Infection Incidents Caused by E. Coli Contamination in Water and Community Behavior in RT 02/RW 11, Mata Air Village. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(11), 2101-2105. Retrieved from: https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V4ISSUE11/IJRPR19324.pdf

Marwati, N. M., Rusminingsih, N. K., Mahayana, I. M. B., Suyasa, I. N. G., Aryana, I. K., & Yulianti, A. E. (2022). Simple clean water treatment with double pots diffuser method in Lumbung Kauh village, Selemadeg Barat, Tabanan district, Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science, 16(2), 128-131.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 66 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI. Retrieved from: https://regulasi.bkpk.kemkes.go.id/detail/b6ded9b5-c63a-4319-b90f-48bdc1eab885/

Nisfiatul, L. (2017). Proses Percabangan Pada Pembelahan Sel.

Nurjanah, G. S., Cahyadi, A. I., & Windria, S. (2020). Escherichia coli resistance to various kinds of antibiotics in-animals and humans: a literature study.

Patmawati, P., & Sukmawati, S. (2020). Pengaruh Dosis Klorin terhadap Total Coliform Wai Sauq Bantaran Sungai Mandar. HIGIENE: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 6(1), 26-29.

Putri, N. R. A., & Windi Wulandari, S. K. M. (2019). Hubungan Status Sosial Ekonomi dan Kandungan Escherichia coli dalam Air Bersih dengan Kejadian Diare di Kelurahan Semanggi Surakarta (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).

Rahmadevy, K., El Jannah, S.M., Syahri, N. A., Wahyuni, E. U., Ani, S. (2022). Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Lemongrass Leaf (Cymbopogon Citratus) Boiled Water In Decreasing The Number of Escherichia ColiBacterial Colonies. Sanitas: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan, 13(2), 226–236. Retrieved from: https://sanitas.e-journal.id/index.php/SANITAS/article/view/20221201-rahmadevy/149

Ramadhani, A. G., & Rezania Asyfiradayati, S. K. M. (2023). Kajian Literatur Identifikasi Pencemaran Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Coliform Non-fekal pada Minuman Olahan Teh (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)

Ramadhani, I. H., Ngazizah, F. N., & Khasanah, N. A. H. (2021). Uji Antibakteri Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L) Merr) Secara Infusa Terhadap Bakteri Eschericia Coli. Jurnal Kesehatan Borneo Cendekia, 4(2), 230-239.

Ratri, L. P., & Wulandari, W. (2019, January). Keberadaan Coliform pada Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang di Gambirsari Surakarta. In Prosiding University Research Colloquium (pp. 66-71).

Rini, C. S., & Jamilatur, R. (2020). Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Bakteriologi Dasar.

Sasongko, E. B., Widyastuti, E., & Priyono, R. E. (2014). Kajian kualitas air dan penggunaan sumur gali oleh masyarakat di sekitar Sungai Kaliyasa Kabupaten Cilacap. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Undip, 12(2), 72-82.

Sholikhah, I., & Yulianto, Y. (2019). Studi Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Sumur Gali Sebelum Dan Sesudah Menggunakan Chlorine Diffuser Di Desa Selabaya Kecamatan Kalimanah Kabupaten Purbalingga Tahun 2018. Buletin Keslingmas, 38(2), 218-225.

Sofyan, D. K. (2018). Peramalan Kebutuhan Klorin (Cl2) Pada Bagian Produksi Di PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda. Industrial Engineering Journal, 7(1).

Sukawaty, Y., Kamil, M., & Kusumawati, E. (2016). Uji cemaran bakteri Coliform pada minuman air tebu. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 2(2), 248-253.

Suyanto, B., Indraswati, D., Hendrarinata, F., Jayadi, H., & Nugroho, H., S., W. (2022). Potential of Solar Cells as Energy Disinfection Machines for Water Sources. European Chemichal Bulletin, 12 (s.3). pp. 135-143. Retrieved from: http://repo.poltekkesdepkes-sby.ac.id/6812/1/04fdbf338671f8ca2b4b166d2fd13447.pdf

Terin, U. C., Freitas, B. L. S., Nasser Fava, N. D. M., & Sabogal-Paz, L. P. (2022). Evaluation of a multi-barrier household system as an alternative to surface water treatment with microbiological risks. Environmental Technology, 43(22), 3401-3413.

Vikahadi, N., Wicaksono, A. P., Nugroho, N. E., Gomareuzzaman, M., & Prasetya, J. D. (2023). Analisis Kualitas Air sebagai Air Bersih pada Sumber Mata Air Hutan Bambu di Desa Sumbermujur Kecamatan Candipuro Kabupaten Lumajang. Jurnal Lingkungan Kebumian Indonesia, 1(1), 11-11.

Widyaningsih, W., Supriharyono, S., & Widyorini, N. (2016). Analisis total bakteri coliform di perairan muara kali wiso jepara. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 5(3), 157-164.

Winarni, F., & Puspitasari, D. E. (2013). Peran Pemerintah Dalam Penanggulangan Pencemaran Air Tanah Oleh Bakteri E. Coli di Kota Yogyakarta. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 25(2), 219-230.