Pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap efikasi diri dan kontrol gula darah penderita diabetes melitus

Rika Elvriede Hutahaean; Evi Karota Bukit; Siti Saidah Nasution; Arlinda Sari Wahyuni; Mula Tarigan

doi:10.33024/hjk.v18i9.760

Authors

Rika Elvriede Hutahaean Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Evi Karota Bukit Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Siti Saidah Nasution Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Arlinda Sari Wahyuni Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Mula Tarigan Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i9.760

Keywords:

Diabetes Melitus, Edukasi Kesehatan, Efikasi Diri, Kontrol Gula Darah

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a client condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, and is one of the diseases becoming a global health threat that requires comprehensive nursing intervention. Patients with diabetes can be treated with health education about diabetes management to increase self-efficacy so that the patient's blood sugar levels can be controlled.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of health education on self-efficacy and blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Method: Quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest method, conducted in Teladan Health Center Waiting Room, Medan Kota District in May 2024. Sampling using purposive sampling technique, so that the number of samples obtained according to inclusion criteria was 50 participants divided into 2 groups, each of which was 25 participants in the intervention group and 25 participants in the control group. The independent variable is the provision of education by conducting formal and non-formal learning, while the dependent variable is self-efficacy and blood sugar control of patients with DM. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate Wilcoxon tests.

Results: There was a significant change of p <0.01 that there was a change in self-efficacy before and after health education.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that health education is effective in improving self-efficacy and control of blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Blood Sugar Control; Diabetes Mellitus; Health Education; Self-Efficacy.

Pendahuluan: Penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) adalah kondisi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah. Penyakit ini merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi ancaman kesehatan secara global dan memerlukan intervensi keperawatan secara komprehensif. Penderita DM dapat diberikan tindakan edukasi kesehatan tentang penatalaksanaan penyakit diabetes untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri, sehingga kadar gula darah penderita dapat terkontrol.

Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap efikasi diri dan kontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2.

Metode: Penelitian quasi-experimental dengan metode nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest, dilaksanakan di Ruang Tunggu Puskesmas Teladan Kecamatan Medan Kota pada Mei 2024. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga didapatkan jumlah sampel sesuai kriteria inklusi sebanyak 50 partisipan yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing yaitu 25 partisipan kelompok intervensi dan 25 partisipan kelompok kontrol. Variabel independen adalah pemberian edukasi dengan melakukan suatu pembelajaran secara formal dan non formal, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu efikasi diri dan kontrol kadar gula darah pasien penderita DM. Analisis data yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat uji wilcoxon.

Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan p <0.01, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan efikasi diri sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan edukasi kesehatan.

Simpulan: Edukasi kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan efikasi diri dan kontrol kadar gula darah penderita diabetes melitus.

Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus; Edukasi Kesehatan; Efikasi Diri; Kontrol Gula Darah.

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