Peran orang tua dalam pengawasan kegiatan bermain gawai dan perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia 3-4 tahun
Keywords:
Anak-Anak, Penggunaan Gawai, Peran Orang Tua, Perkembangan KognitifAbstract
Background: Currently, the use of gadgets has become an inseparable part of early childhood, the increase in the use of gadgets is not only associated with extraordinary benefits for its users, but also excessive use that has an impact on health.
Purpose: To analyze the role of parents in supervising gadget playing activities and cognitive development in children aged 3-4 years.
Method: Quantitative analytical descriptive research, conducted in the Quality Family Village (KB Village) of Aceh Jaya Regency in January 2023. The independent variables are the role of mothers and the use of gadgets, while the dependent variable is the cognitive development of children. The research instrument used a questionnaire and data analysis used univariate and bivariate statistical tests with a 95% CI confidence level (a = 0.05).
Results: It is known that there is a relationship between role models (OR=8.38), communication (OR=17.03), discipline (OR=21.33), giving gifts and consequences (OR=17.04), duration of gadget use (OR=5.44), content accessed (OR=11.29), and enforced rules (OR=32.67) on children's cognitive development with a p value of each variable of 0.001. However, no missing data was found on the intensity of use so there was no influence on children's cognitive development.
Conclusion: The role of mothers in terms of being role models, communication, discipline, giving rewards and consequences has an influence on children's cognitive development. In addition, the duration, content, and rules in using gadgets in children can also affect children's cognitive development.
Suggestion: Parents should continue to supervise the use of gadgets on what content is accessed by children, so that the influence is not negative. In addition, in making rules, mothers must involve children as individuals who will obey the rules.
Keywords: Children; Cognitive Development; Gadget Use; Role of Parents.
Pendahuluan: Saat ini penggunaan gawai sudah menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan pada anak usia dini, peningkatan penggunaan gawai tidak hanya dikaitkan dengan manfaat yang luar biasa bagi pengguna, namun juga penggunaan berlebihan yang menimbulkan konsekuensi bagi kesehatan.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis peran orang tua dalam pengawasan kegiatan bermain gawai dan perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia 3-4 tahun.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif analitik, dilaksanakan di Gampong Keluarga Berkualitas (Gampong KB) Kabupaten Aceh Jaya pada bulan Januari 2023. Variabel independen adalah peran ibu dan penggunaan gawai, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu perkembangan kognitif anak. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat uji statistik dengan derajat kepercayaan CI 95% (a=0.05).
Hasil: Diketahui terdapat hubungan antara keteladanan (OR=8.38), komunikasi (OR=17.03), kedisiplinan (OR=21.33), pemberian penghargaan dan konsekuensi (OR=17.04), durasi penggunaan gawai (OR=5.44), konten yang diakses (OR=11.29), serta aturan yang diberlakukan (OR=32.67) terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak dengan p-value masing-masing variabel adalah 0.001. Namun, pada intensitas penggunaan ditemukan data yang omitted, sehingga tidak ada pengaruh terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak.
Simpulan: Peran ibu dari segi keteladanan, komunikasi, kedisiplinan, pemberian penghargaan dan konsekuensi memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak. Selain itu, durasi, konten, dan aturan dalam penggunaan gawai pada anak juga dapat memengaruhi perkembangan kognitif anak.
Saran: Orang tua tetap melakukan pengawasan penggunaan gawai terhadap konten-konten apa saja yang diakses oleh anak, agar pengaruhnya tidak ke arah negatif. Selain itu, dalam membuat aturan, ibu harus melibatkan anak sebagai individu yang akan menjalani aturan tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Anak-Anak; Penggunaan Gawai; Peran Orang Tua; Perkembangan Kognitif.
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