Gangguan muskuloskeletal pada perawat di rumah sakit: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i8.450Keywords:
Muskuloskeletal, Perawat, Rumah SakitAbstract
Background: Healthy nurses are an important component for improving service quality. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nurses can reduce work efficiency and lose work time so that work productivity decreases.
Purpose: To provide information about predictors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among nurses.
Method: Literature review by collecting several articles from three databases, namely ScienceDirect, Ebsco, and PubMed with inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nurses in hospitals and published in the last ten years (2014-2023).
Results: Several areas that experience MSDs include the lower back as the highest incidence, neck, shoulders, upper back, waist, wrists/hands, ankles/feet, knees, hips/thighs, and elbows. MSDs are caused by high activity and repetitive activities over a long period of time, so several changes are needed from hospital management to optimize the role of nurses.
Conclusion: Most nurses experienced complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower back, followed by the neck, shoulders, upper back, waist, wrists/hands, ankles/feet, knees, hips/thighs, and elbows.
Suggestion: It would be better if the design of health facilities should be more adapted to ergonomic needs and the need for physical activity such as exercise to prevent musculoskeletal problems in nurses.
Keywords: Hospital; Musculoskeletal; Nursing.
Pendahuluan: Perawat yang sehat merupakan salah satu komponen penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. Gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) pada perawat dapat mengurangi efisiensi kerja dan kehilangan waktu kerja sehingga produktivitas kerja menurun.
Tujuan: Untuk memberikan informasi tentang prediktor area gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) di kalangan perawat.
Metode: Literature review dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel dari tiga database, yaitu ScienceDirect, Ebsco, dan PubMed dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel yang membahas mengenai gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) pada perawat di rumah sakit dan diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir (2014-2023).
Hasil: Beberapa area yang mengalami MSDs meliputi punggung bagian bawah sebagai kejadian paling tinggi, leher, bahu, punggung bagian atas, pinggang, pergelangan tangan/tangan, pergelangan kaki/kaki, lutut, pinggul/paha, dan siku. Gangguan MSDs disebabkan oleh aktivitas yang tinggi dan kegiatan yang berulang dalam waktu yang lama, sehingga membutuhkan beberapa perubahan dari pihak manajemen rumah sakit untuk mengoptimalkan peran perawat.
Simpulan: Sebagian besar perawat mengalami keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada bagian punggung bagian bawah, diikuti oleh leher, bahu, punggung bagian atas, pinggang, pergelangan tangan/tangan, pergelangan kaki/kaki, lutut, pinggul/paha, dan siku.
Saran: Sebaiknya perancangan fasilitas kesehatan harus lebih disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan ergonomis dan diperlukan juga aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga untuk mencegah terjadinya masalah muskuloskeletal pada perawat.
Kata Kunci: Muskuloskeletal; Perawat; Rumah Sakit.
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