Intervensi kukis tempe gembus terhadap kadar trigliserida dan tekanan darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i6.421Keywords:
Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Kukis Tempe Gembus, Tekanan Darah, TrigliseridaAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a non-communicable disease that is a global health problem. The cause can be low daily fiber intake, so high-fiber diet intervention is recommended in its treatment. Tempe gembus which contains high fiber, is expected to provide sufficient fiber supply for people with DM type 2.
Purpose: To analyze the effect of consuming tempe gembus cookies on triglyceride (TG) levels and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in patients with DM type 2.
Methods: An experimental study with a pre-post randomized control group design was conducted in December 2023-March 2024 in Banyumas Regency involving 36 patients with DM type 2. Participants were randomly divided into two groups (control and intervention). The intervention group consumed 30 g/day of tempe gembus cookies as a substitute for snacks supported by standard DM type 2 care for 28 days. Data analysis used an independent t-test or with 80% power and 95% confidence interval, p value <0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean changes in TG levels and blood pressure after the intervention (p = 0.093) for TG levels, p = 0.852 (systolic blood pressure) and p = 0.864 (diastolic blood pressure). However, clinically the intervention was able to reduce TG levels by 71 mg/dL (p = 0.039) and diastolic blood pressure by 4.62 mmHg, this decrease was better when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: High-fiber dietary interventions accompanied by consistent lifestyle changes can help manage TG levels and blood pressure, especially in patients with DM type 2.
Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Tempe Gembus Cookies; Triglycerides.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi permasalahan kesehatan secara global. Penyebabnya dapat berupa asupan serat harian yang rendah, sehingga intervensi diet tinggi serat disarankan dalam penanganannya. Tempe gembus yang mengandung serat tinggi, diharapkan dapat menyediakan pasokan serat yang mencukupi untuk pasien DM tipe 2.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi kukis tempe gembus terhadap kadar trigliserida (TG) dan tekanan darah (sistolik dan diastolik) pada pasien DM tipe 2.
Metode: Studi eksperimental dilakukan menggunakan desain pre-post randomized control group, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023-Maret 2024 di Kabupaten Banyumas yang melibatkan 36 pasien DM tipe 2.partisipan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak (kontrol dan intervensi). Kelompok intervensi mengonsumsi kukis tempe gembus sebanyak 30 g/hari sebagai pengganti makanan selingan didukung dengan perawatan standar untuk DM tipe 2 selama 28 hari. Analisis data menggunakan independen t-test atau dengan daya 80% dan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Nilai p <0.05 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik.
Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik dari kedua kelompok dalam perubahan rerata kadar TG dan tekanan darah setelah intervensi (p=0.093) untuk kadar TG, p =0.852 (tekanan darah sistolik) dan p =0.864 (tekanan darah diastolik). Namun, secara klinis intervensi mampu mengurangi kadar TG sebesar 71 mg/dL (p =0.039) dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 4.62 mmHg, penurunan ini lebih baik jika dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.
Simpulan: Intervensi diet tinggi serat disertai dengan perubahan gaya hidup secara konsisten dapat membantu pengelolaan kadar TG dan tekanan darah, terutama pada pasien dengan DM tipe 2.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Kukis Tempe Gembus; Tekanan Darah; Trigliserida.
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