Analisis faktor pembangun self efficacy pada penderita hipertensi dalam melaksanakan kepatuhan minum obat

Abstract

Background: Hypertension can be a dangerous condition if it is not controlled, especially if it lasts for a long time because it can cause complications such as stroke, heart disease and other health problems. In an effort to prevent this, hypertension sufferers need to regularly take antihypertensive medication. A person's compliance with taking medication is determined by self-efficacy or belief in the success of treatment. This is because self-efficacy can influence changes in individual behavior, especially hypertension sufferers, in terms of compliance with taking medication.

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between self-efficacy building factors and medication adherence in hypertension sufferers.

Method: This type of quantitative research uses an analytical survey design through a cross-sectional approach. Respondents in this study were 68 people who were selected using stratified random sampling techniques. The instruments in this research were the self-efficacy building factor questionnaire and the Morisky medication adherence scale questionnaire (MMAS-8). Data analysis used the Spearman's rho statistical test.

Results: The correlation between self-experience (performance achievement) and compliance with taking medication was 0.007 (p<0.05), observation of others (vicarious experience) with compliance with taking medication <0.001 (p<0.05), verbal persuasion and compliance with taking medication was 0.004 (p<0.05), and physiological conditions (physiological information) with medication adherence of 0.104 (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between own experience (performance achievement), observation of others (vicarious experience), and verbal persuasion with medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Meanwhile, there is no relationship between physiological conditions (physiological information) and compliance with taking medication.

Keywords: Drug Compliance; Hypertension; Self-Efficacy; Sources of Self-Efficacy.

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi dapat menjadi kondisi yang berbahaya jika tidak terkontrol, terutama jika berlangsung dalam jangka waktu yang panjang karena dapat menyebabkan timbulnya komplikasi seperti stroke, penyakit jantung, dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Dalam upaya mencegahnya, penderita hipertensi perlu mengonsumsi obat anti hipertensi secara rutin. Kepatuhan minum obat seseorang ditentukan oleh self efficacy atau keyakinan dirinya akan keberhasilan pengobatan. Hal ini karena self efficacy dapat memengaruhi perubahan perilaku individu terutama penderita hipertensi dalam hal kepatuhan minum obat.

Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor pembangun self efficacy terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita hipertensi.

Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain survei analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 68 orang yang dipilih melalui teknik pengambilan sampel stratified random sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar kuesioner faktor pembangun self efficacy dan kuesioner morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8), analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Spearman’s rho.

Hasil: Korelasi antara pengalaman diri (performance accomplishment) dengan kepatuhan minum obat sebesar 0.007 (p<0.05), pengamatan terhadap orang lain (vicarious experience) dengan kepatuhan minum obat sebesar <.001 (p<0.05), persuasi verbal (verbal persuasion) dengan kepatuhan minum obat sebesar 0.004 (p<0.05), dan kondisi fisiologis (physiological information) dengan kepatuhan minum obat sebesar 0.104 (p≥0.05).

Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara pengalaman diri sendiri (performance accomplishment), pengamatan terhadap orang lain (vicarious experience), dan persuasi verbal (verbal persuasion) dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi. Sedangkan, untuk kondisi fisiologis (physiological information) dengan kepatuhan minum obat ditemukan tidak terdapat hubungan.

Kata Kunci: Efikasi Diri; Hipertensi; Kepatuhan Minum Obat; Sumber Efikasi Diri.